Literature Review and Proposed Service Improvement Plan to Improve Service User Experience
The following structure should be considered when writing this assignment:
Introduction and Background (Maximum 300 words).
Briefly introduce and reference the key topic that has inspired your proposal for change to improve the service user experience. You will need to provide a rationale as to why you have chosen this topic and illustrate the significance of this using appropriate evidence. It will be useful to set the scene for your service user improvement by providing statistics from the literature that demonstrate the scale of the issue that you feel needs to be improved. You can also introduce the impact of the issue on patient experience.
Literature Review (Around 2900 words)
A literature review is a critical analysis of the findings of
a variety of different authors on a given subject.
This section requires you to have the knowledge and skill to
undertake a literature search around your chosen topic.
If you have not used the skill of undertaking a literature
search for previous assignments it is strongly recommended that you
visit the library for a refresher on how to go about this. You will
not be able to write this section until you have undertaken a
substantial literature search and read the literature that you will
be critiquing. Library hosts search engines such as CINAHL Plus,
Cochrane and Medline.
You will need to identify how you have undertaken the search
for your literature and a summary of this will be placed within
your appendix. This will include a list of the search criteria that
you have used including, search engines used, key words or terms,
date range (keep this contemporary), inclusion criteria (e.g.
specific countries), exclusion criteria etc. You will need to
demonstrate how you have used criteria to reduce the number of
articles you have identified to a manageable number that address
the key topic you are focusing on.
The literature that you use should include:
o published primary research
o Local and National Policy
o a range of literature from other relevant sources
(articles, books and reputable websites that provide additional
insight into the topic under review)
Cormack’s (2000) framework for critiquing primary research is
a useful tool to support you in appraising research papers and
organising your thoughts around these. You are required to use this
tool to demonstrate that you have identified appropriate research
literature and considered the value of this. You will be required
to include a table in the appendix which shows that you have used
Cormack’s framework to evaluate your chosen research papers.
Why is it important to conduct a literature search and read
the literature prior to structuring this section and deciding on
the key themes within it?
Only when you have read the literature will you be able to
establish some prominent and emerging themes to help structure this
section of the assignment. Do not pre-empt or second guess these
themes before you have read the literature – otherwise your
discussion will not reflect the literature or provide a logical
review.
The limit of a 2900 word count for this section will require
you to be succinct in your writing and you are advised to choose no
more than 2 themes from the literature to structure your
discussion. Any more is likely to result in a descriptive account
of the literature, rather than an analytical and challenging debate
of the literature.
How should research articles be discussed within this
section?
The work that you have done using Cormack’s framework will be
key to the discussion in this section. When reviewing research
based literature you need to be able to identify whether the
research had a quantitative or qualitative approach, or perhaps a
mix of both.
Where possible you should make comment on the overall design
of the study, the ethics associated with the study, the sample size
and sampling technique, the data collection methods and in some
cases it may be appropriate to discuss how the data were analysed.
A literature review is not just a summary of who said what.
It is an analysis, evaluation and comparison of the findings of
different authors writing about the same topic.
Application to practice is also important and you will need
to demonstrate that you are able to consider the literature in the
context of the practice setting. Your previous experience around
your chosen topic will help to inform this.
Change Management (Around 1400 words)
You will be required to consider carefully how your proposed
service user improvement could be implemented in the future (N.B.
You are not expected or permitted to implement this plan as part of
this assignment).
Develop an action plan using the Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound (SMART) framework.
This action plan will be placed in your appendix and will not
be included in the word count. The plan will be used within your
discussion about change management in this section of the essay.
You will need to familiarise yourself with change theory.
Identify one theory of change that you will discuss in this
section and make reference to the stages of this change theory as
you discuss the proposed implementation of your service
improvement. For example, if you choose to use Lewin’s (1947)
renowned change theory, within the ‘unfreezing’ stage’ you will be
required to discuss the positive driving forces that will support
your proposed change (for example, involving all staff in a
discussion to explore the benefits of the change, demonstrating the
positive impact on patient care, positive impact on resources such
as staff time, staff job satisfaction etc.). You would also discuss
the negative restraining forces that could impede the change (for
example, resistance to change by staff, cost, lack of education
etc.) The Force Field Analysis in Lewin’s theory would inform the
discussion here as you would need to consider if the factors
against change outweigh the factors for change. How might you
address this? Are there any of the negative drivers that can be
influenced to provide a more positive impact?
Make it clear who should be involved to achieve the change
and what effect the proposed change will have on stakeholders, and
the multi-professional health care team. Briefly consider how
leadership theory can be effectively used to enable and sustain the
change in collaboration with the team from old local
care/professional practices to new evidence-based practices.
Make realistic recommendations for the implementation of your
service improvement that are sustainable.
State how the change will be measured for success, from a
pre-change state to a post-change state.
Conclusion (Maximum 400 words)
State what has been learned during this assignment, keeping
it specific to the information covered in the main body of this
essay (no new material should be discussed).
Make recommendations for further self-development in terms of
developing evidence-based practice through; literature searching
skills; skills in the analysis and evaluation of literature; growth
as a leader and growth as a change agent.
Finally make a recommendation for future research that is
needed to give some specific evidence-based information for current
nursing practice e.g. a gap in the existing evidence-based
knowledge in the current research findings.
Appendices
Summary of Literature Search
Cormack’s Critiquing Framework
Action plan using SMART goals
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